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In this volume, six historians explore new approaches to Isaac Orobio de Castro (1617-1687), an Amsterdam physician who was the most widely-read among the early modern defenders of Judaism against Christian proselytizing. He was also the major author who rebutted Benedict Spinoza's Freethought from inside his own Sephardic community. Reflecting on the developments in early modern studies that have appeared since the publication of Yosef Kaplan's seminal monograph in 1982, the authors revisit Orobio's intellectual personality with a focus on transcultural processes, clandestine book culture, philosophical rhetoric, and literary reception. Born in Portugal to Christian parents of Jewish ancestry, Orobio left behind a brilliant career as a court physician in Spain and France when he publicly embraced Judaism. With academic erudition, he translated Jewish religious positions into the eclectic philosophy of the day, using both rationalist and sceptic arguments. His work leaked out into the non-Jewish world and armed Enlightenment philosophers for their attacks on Christianity, showing the impact of Jewish criticism on the early modern quest for philosophical certainty and religious pluralism.

Judaism --- Jews --- Relations --- Christianity. --- History. --- Orobio de Castro, Isaac, --- Brotherhood Week --- Alvares, Baltazar, --- Castro, Balthazar Orobio de, --- Castro, Isaac Orobio de, --- Castro, Ishack Orobio de, --- De Castro, Isaac Orobio, --- Ḳastro, Yitsḥaḳ Orobyo di, --- Orobio, Baltasar Alvarez de, --- Orobio, Baltazar de, --- Orobio, Balthasar, --- Orobio de Castro, Baltazar, --- Orobio de Castro, Balthazar, --- Orobio de Castro, Ishack, --- Orobio, Isaac, --- Orobio, Ishak, --- Orobyo, Balṭasar Alṿaris di, --- Orobyo di Ḳasṭro, Yitsḥaḳ, --- Isaac Orobio. --- Jewish-Christian controversy. --- Sephardic Jewry.

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This book includes an editorial and 12 research papers on micromixers collected from the Special Issue published in Micromachines. The topics of the papers are focused on the design of micromixers, their fabrication, and their analysis. Some of them proposed novel micromixer designs. Most of them deal with passive micromixers, but two papers report studies on electrokinetic micromixers. Fully three-dimensional (3D) micromixers were investigated in some cases. One of the papers applied optimization techniques to the design of a 3D micromixer. A review paper is also included and reports a review of recently developed passive micromixers and a comparative analysis of 10 typical micromixers.

passive micromixers --- comparative analysis --- Navier-Stokes equations --- mixing index --- pressure drop --- mixing cost --- micromachining --- micro EDM milling --- empirical modelling --- micromixer --- design for manufacturing --- computational fluid dynamics --- micromixers --- acoustic micromixers --- active micromixers --- electromagnetic micromixers --- voice-coil mixers --- mixers --- anti-reciprocity --- electrical impedance --- mechanical velocity --- gyrator --- electro-mechanical systems --- micro heat exchanger --- vortex shedding --- thermal mixing --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- thermal engineering --- three-dimensional (3D) printing --- micronozzles --- Y-shaped structure --- mixing efficiency --- histogram and standard deviation --- split-and-recombine --- additive manufacturing --- surface metrology --- asymmetric split-and-recombine (ASAR) --- stereolithography --- surface roughness --- soft tooling --- centrifugal microfluidics --- U-shaped channel --- Coriolis force --- flow visualization --- microfluidics --- T-shaped micromixer --- vortex --- obstacles --- engulfment flow --- particle tracking --- electrokinetic vortices --- T-type microchannel --- zeta potential ratio --- length ratio --- Navier–Stokes equations --- optimization --- RBNN --- TLCCM configuration --- mixing rate --- kinematics --- deformation --- vorticity --- stretching --- folding --- diffusive mixing --- passive mixing --- fluid overlapping --- sequential injection --- segmentation --- concentric flow --- CFD --- n/a

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Coastal areas are remarkable regions with high spatiotemporal variability. A large population is affected by their physical and biological processes—resulting from effects on tourism to biodiversity and productivity. Coastal ecosystems perform several critical ecosystem services and functions, such as water oxygenation and nutrients provision, seafloor and beach stabilization (as sediment is controlled and trapped within the rhizomes of the seagrass meadows), carbon burial, as areas for nursery, and as refuge for several commercial and endemic species. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of marine habitats is prerequisite information for the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources. Remote sensing from UAVs to spaceborne sensors is offering a unique opportunity to measure, analyze, quantify, map, and explore the processes on the coastal areas at high temporal frequencies. This Special Issue on “Application of Remote Sensing in Coastal Areas” is specifically addresses those successful applications—from local to regional scale—in coastal environments related to ecosystem productivity, biodiversity, sea level rise.

satellite remote sensing --- Landsat --- coastline --- barrier island --- morphological change --- coastal ocean --- Photon-counting lidar --- MABEL --- land cover --- remote sensing --- signal photons --- ground settlement --- marine reclamation land --- time series InSAR --- Sentinel-1 --- Xiamen New Airport --- Pleiades --- photogrammetry --- LiDAR --- RTK-GPS --- beach topography --- cliff coastlines --- time-series analysis --- terrestrial laser scanner --- southern Baltic Sea --- non-parametric Bayesian network --- satellite-derived bathymetry --- hydrography --- CubeSats --- hypertemporal --- zones of confidence --- PlanetScope --- vegetation mapping --- dunes --- unmanned aerial system --- pixel-based classification --- object-based classification --- dune vegetation classification --- coastal monitoring --- multispectral satellite images --- multi-temporal NDVI --- pixels based supervised classification --- Random Forest --- harmonization --- shoreline mapping --- semi-global subpixel localization --- intensity integral error --- polarimetric SAR --- polarimetric decomposition --- ship detection --- Euclidean distance --- mutual information --- new feature --- Bohai sea ice --- sea ice extent --- OLCI imagery --- sea ice information index --- waterline extraction --- sub-pixel --- surface water mapping --- data cube --- contour extraction --- water extraction --- water indices --- thresholding --- Coastal process --- wind wake --- heat advection --- multi-sensor --- ASAR --- oceanic thermal response --- Hainan Island --- coastal remote sensing --- habitat mapping --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- unmanned aircraft system (UAS) --- drone --- object-based image analysis (OBIA) --- UAS data acquisition --- n/a